What is AC/DC (Alternating/Direct Current)?
Two types of electrical current, solar panels produce DC, which inverters convert to AC for home use.
Quick Answer
The UK's electrical grid uses AC at 230V and 50Hz. Solar panels produce DC at 30–50V per panel. The inverter is the critical component that bridges this gap. All solar electricity exported to the DNO grid must be AC and synchronised to the grid frequency.
Fact-checked by John Rooney, Solar Energy Editor. Editorial policy
AC/DC (Alternating/Direct Current) Explained
AC (alternating current) and DC (direct current) are the two types of electrical current. DC flows in one direction, it is produced by solar panels and batteries. AC alternates direction many times per second (50Hz in the UK) and is used by the electrical grid and most household appliances. A solar inverter converts the DC output of panels into AC electricity at 230V/50Hz for use in your home.
How Does AC/DC (Alternating/Direct Current) Work in the UK?
The UK's electrical grid uses AC at 230V and 50Hz. Solar panels produce DC at 30–50V per panel. The inverter is the critical component that bridges this gap. All solar electricity exported to the DNO grid must be AC and synchronised to the grid frequency.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why do solar panels produce DC instead of AC?
The photovoltaic effect naturally produces DC electricity. Converting to AC happens at the inverter, which is more efficient than trying to generate AC directly from solar cells.
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John Rooney is the founder of Solar Info and has been covering the UK solar energy market since 2023. He researches every battery and inverter brand against manufacturer datasheets, MCS and Ofgem data, and feedback from the MCS-certified installers in our directory before publishing.